Corrigé 2007

 

A=\left(
\begin{array}{rrr}
1&-1&0\\
2&0&1\\
0&1&2
\end{array}
\right)

 

1)

A^2=\left(
\begin{array}{rrr}
-1&-1&-1\\
2&-2&2\\
2&1&5
\end{array}
\right)

 

2)

det A =
\left|
\begin{array}{rr}
0&1\\
1&-2\\
\end{array}
\right| + 
\left|
\begin{array}{rr}
2&1\\
0&2\\
\end{array}
\right|=-1+4=3\neq0

donc A est inversible

 

\begin{array}{rrr|rrr|l}-1&-1&0&1&0&0&L_1 \\ 2&0&1&0&1&0&L_2 \\ 0&1&2&0&0&1&L_3 \\\hline 1&-1&0&1&0&0&L_1 \\ 0&2&1&-2&1&0&L_2 \leftarrow L_2-2L_1\\ 0&1&2&0&0&1&L_3 \\ \hline 2&0&1&0&1&0&L_1 \leftarrow L_2+2L_1\\ 0&2&1&-2&1&0&L_2\\ 0&0&-3&-2&1&-2&L_3 \leftarrow L_2-2L_3\\ \hline 6&0&0&-2&4&-2&L_1 \leftarrow L_3+3L_1 \\ 0&6&0&-8&4&-2&L_2 \leftarrow L_3+3L_2 \\ 0&0&-3&-2&1&-2& L_3 \\ \hline 1&0&0&-\frac{1}{3}&\frac{2}{3}&-\frac{1}{3}&\\ 0&1&0&-\frac{4}{3}&\frac{2}{3}&-\frac{1}{3}&\\ 0&0&1&\frac{2}{3}&-\frac{1}{3}&\frac{2}{3}&\\ \end{array}

 

A^{-1}=\frac{1}{3}
\left(
\begin{array}{rrr}
-1&2&-1\\
-4&2&-1\\
2&-1&2
\end{array}
\right)

 

3)

\begin{array}{l}x - y = 3\\2x + z = -1\\ y + 2z = -8 \end{array}

si et seulement si A=\left( \begin{array}{rrr} 1&-1&0\\2&0&1\\ 0&1&2 \end{array} \right)

\left( \begin{array}{c}x\\y\\z\end{array}\right)=\left(\begin{array}{c}3\\-1\\-8\end{array}\right)

 

AX = B \Longleftrightarrow A^{-1}AX = A^{-1}B \Longleftrightarrow X = A^{-1}B

 

\left(
\begin{array}{c}
x\\
y\\
z
\end{array}
\right)= 
\frac{1}{3}
\left(
\begin{array}{rrr}
-1&2&-1\\
-4&2&-1\\
2&-1&2
\end{array}
\right)
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
3\\
-1\\
-8
\end{array}
\right)=
\left(
\begin{array}{c}
1\\
-2\\
-3
\end{array}
\right)

 

\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
x=1\\
y=-2\\
z=-3
\end{array}
\right.

 

S=\{(1;-2;-3)\}

 

OIF
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